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9. Analytical Studies on Aquatic Ecosystem of Punjab

The project was taken up by Punjabi University, Patiala from 1991-95. Under the project, 4 rivers (Sutlej, Beas, Ravi & Ghaggar) alongwith their tributaries and five reservoirs (Madhopur, Nangal, Ropar, Kanjli & Harike) were studied for various physico-chemical and biological parameters with a special emphasis on invertebrate fauna. Water Quality Index (WQI) and Species Diversity Index were calculated and bioindicator species were identified. Heavy metal studies were also conducted on three fish species in Sutlej and food chains were worked out. The study indicates that Sutlej is the most polluted river followed by Ghaggar and Beas where eutrophication has set in at various points but the waters of Ravi are relatively clean. Further, the Harike Wetland formed at the confluence of Sutlej and Beas rivers, supports a vast variety of aquatic plants and animals but is facing threat from intense human interference, pollution, siltation, encroachment, deforestation and weed invasion leading to eutrophication. The Ropar wetland also faces threats of pollution. The Nangal & Madhopur reservoirs are, however, oligotrophic in nature. The study recommends need of disilting reservoir areas, removal of aquatic weeds, maintenance of minimum flow of water in rivers and reservoirs, wastewater treatment for pollution abatement, a check on deforestation, hunting, fishing and encroachment, constant biomonitoring and creation of public awareness with respect to conservation of aquatic ecosystem.

The results of the study have been conveyed to the MEF, GOI, CPCB, PPCB and other user agencies of the data generated is also useful for wetland projects of the state.

Contact Person: Dr. Neelima Jerath, neelimajerath@pscst.com